Tomcat源码分析 - HttpServlet的源码分析 | IT宅-帅旋的专业知识分享

从官网下载Tomcat源码：Source Code Distributions，关联到Eclipse中。

1、查看HttpServlet中的service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)方法：

public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
        throws ServletException, IOException {

        HttpServletRequest  request;
        HttpServletResponse response;

        try {
            request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
            response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            throw new ServletException("non-HTTP request or response");
        }
        service(request, response);
}

可以发现，这里把相应的request和response转换为了基于HTTP协议的相应对象。

Servlet接口中定义了一个service方法，HttpServlet对该方法进行了实现，将ServletRequest和ServletResponse转换为HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse。

2、继续查看HttpServlet中的service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)方法：

protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException {

        String method = req.getMethod();

        if (method.equals(METHOD_GET)) {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            if (lastModified == -1) {
                // servlet doesn't support if-modified-since, no reason
                // to go through further expensive logic
                doGet(req, resp);
            } else {
                long ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader(HEADER_IFMODSINCE);
                if (ifModifiedSince < (lastModified / 1000 * 1000)) {
                    // If the servlet mod time is later, call doGet()
                    // Round down to the nearest second for a proper compare
                    // A ifModifiedSince of -1 will always be less
                    maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
                    doGet(req, resp);
                } else {
                    resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_MODIFIED);
                }
            }

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_HEAD)) {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
            doHead(req, resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_POST)) {
            doPost(req, resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_PUT)) {
            doPut(req, resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_DELETE)) {
            doDelete(req, resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_OPTIONS)) {
            doOptions(req,resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_TRACE)) {
            doTrace(req,resp);

        } else {
            //
            // Note that this means NO servlet supports whatever
            // method was requested, anywhere on this server.
            //

            String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
            Object[] errArgs = new Object[1];
            errArgs[0] = method;
            errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);

            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, errMsg);
        }
}

可以发现，客户端的请求先提交给Service方法时，先获取提交的方法名，根据方法名调用相应的具体方法。

如果重写了该方法，那么就不会根据方法名调用其他具体的方法了。

3、接下来找个相关的具体方法doGet看看：

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException
    {
        String protocol = req.getProtocol();
        String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_get_not_supported");
        if (protocol.endsWith("1.1")) {
            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, msg);
        } else {
            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST, msg);
        }
}

发现该方法只是判断协议类型，然后抛出相应的异常，其他什么都没做。

所以，在实现自己的Servlet时，需要重写这些方法，以符合自己的需求。一般不需要重写service方法。